Departments
Unnoticed 1st Amendment Abuses
by Steve Gligorov J.D. and Metodija A. Koloski
September 14, 2004
The United States has a long history of protecting and preserving freedom
of the press. As early as 1789 Madison's version of the speech and press
clauses, introduced in the House of Representatives on June 8, 1789,
provided: ''The people shall not be deprived or abridged of their right to
speak, to write, or to publish their sentiments; and the freedom of the
press, as one of the great bulwarks of liberty, shall be inviolable."
In the last 40 years the United States emerged as a worldwide leader
insuring uninhibited public debate on governmental matters. This
principal was permanently weaved in the social fabric of America Society
in 1964 when a unanimous Supreme Court stated in New York Times Co. v.
Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 270 (1964): ''we consider this case against the
background of a profound national commitment to the principle that debate
on public issues should be uninhibited, robust, and wide-open, and that it
may well include vehement, caustic and sometimes unpleasantly sharp
attacks on government and public officials.''
This policy is now in trouble. Specifically, the U.S. Department of State
(through its Office of South Central European Affairs) actively engaged in
erosion of freedom of the press when it acquiesced to an agreement for the
sale and destruction of culturally significant historical monuments.
According to the British Broadcasting Corporation's 11 June 2004
Monitoring Europe report, by J. Ivanovska, the U.S. Office of South
Central European Affairs acquiesced and actively participated in a
governmental media ban (under Macedonian law) which precluded local
preservationists, historians, and archeologists from reporting on the
signing of an agreement between Macedonia and the United States.
Using tactics such as governmental censures, or media bans, in an effort
to silence preservationist efforts is not merely unconscionable, but it
can, and should be, regarded as unconstitutional under the United State's
Federal First Amendment, as well. Local grassroots activist campaigns,
such as Ms. Bunevska Isakovska's, were effectively muted and marginalized
by the media ban. Ms. Isakovska's efforts to stop the proposed
construction of an American Embassy, so as to save the medieval town and
its accompanying sixth century Fortress Kale Gradishte, merely resonated
on deaf ears.
A governmental taking of a people's ability to speak, to write, or to
publish in mass their sentiments as to a state action is akin to removing
certain guaranties and immunities, which Americans inherited from their
English ancestors and subsequently enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
American Ambassador to Macedonia, Lawrence Butler, denied that the
proposed construction of the American Embassy would damage the culturally
rich historical site represented on Macedonia's currency 100 Denar note.
Moreover, both Ambassador Butler, and the Office of South Central European
Affairs (based in Washington D.C.) virtually failed to publicly rebuke the
governmental media ban.
Only after a series of informational inconsistencies (between the U.S.
Office of South Central European Affairs, Ambassador Lawrence Butler, and
the media) are public groups, such as the Macedonian Association of
Students and Young Professionals of Metropolitan Washington D.C., calling
for governmental oversight and congressional intervention. According to
foreign media Arizona Congressman, Jim Kolbe, is concerned about
conservationist efforts and has intervened in the matter.
Finally, promoting the construction of an American Embassy under such
censurable circumstances places the United States in an awkward foreign
policy position, as well. An attempt to reconcile the deep-rooted First
Amendment Freedom of the Press with the acquiescent behavior of the United
States Government (in relation to the Macedonian media ban or censorship
of the press) seems irreconcilable, at best. Not only does this policy
establish hypocrisy on its face, but if there is no change as to existing
policy, then this policy reflects the apparent; specifically, that the
U.S. discriminates between the freedom of press rights it accords to
citizens of other countries as opposed to the freedom of press rights it
accords to native United States citizens.
Steve Gligorov, J.D.
Metodija A. Koloski is a co-founder of the Macedonian Orthodox Youth
Association of North America.
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